Skill Cues: Vigorous wrist flexion of
shooting arm and pronation peaking near release, wrist and forearm vertically
aligned (Knudson, 1993)
Vigorous wrist flexion of the shooting arm
will help to generate increased ball rotation. Shot success has statistically
been related to the amount of applied backspin (Alexander, 1990). In a study conducted
by Tran and Sliverberg (2008), it was discovered that there was a limited
amount of backspin, little more than 3Hz that could be applied without
adversely impacting on the consistency of the release.
Ball rotation is vital in producing a
‘soft’ shot, and is achieved by decreasing the horizontal velocity of the ball
(Knudson, 1993). This aids the rebounding process as it reduces the motion of the
ball after it bounces off the rim in an unsuccessful shot. This decline in
speed allows players to optimally position themselves in preparation for the
incoming rebound (Alexander, 1990).
Observational studies report that players
have a tendency to lapse control over their shooting elbow and allow it to
drift laterally, causing sideways rotation (Yates & Holt, 1982). To
rectify, players should be encouraged to have ‘snapping’ action of wrist when
releasing ball and ensure shooting arm is vertical with body. From a coaching
perspective, players could measure their ball rotation by placing tape about
one seam of the ball (Blazevich, 2013). A video analysis will be beneficial in
determining how player’s technique impacts on ball rotation, and provides a
valuable tool for students to visually understand the difference.
Magnus Effect has an influential impact on
ball rotation. Whilst rotating, there the Magnus Force that acts upon the ball
to change its trajectory towards the direction of the spin (Blazevich, 2013).
The below clip clarifies how Magnus Effect is applied to the basketball jump
shot. In addition, it further explains the third class body levers to overcome
resistance and shoot the ball.
The next clip also demonstrates how
Newton’s Third Law contributes to producing backspin in the jump shot.
